In this connection, it should be noted that in late 1989 the Soviet Union requested IAEA to co-ordinate efforts to organize and implement a project for an international expert appraisal of the plan drawn up by the USSR to provide safe living conditions in the areas subjected to radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of measures taken in these areas to protect public health. The Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR has appealed to Governments and public bodies in foreign countries and to international organizations for large-scale international co-operation in dealing with the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. This programme was approved by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 25 April 1990. The effects of shortages in the supply of food products (children’s prepared foods, fermented-milk products, fruit and vegetables), much reduced periods of breast feeding, limited mobility and shorter time spent out-of-doors are apparent above all in the development of rachitis among children, an impairment of their defence mechanisms and adaptiveness, etc. It is thus a societal problem and the management strategy after a nuclear accident needs to take account of social, ethical and economic consequences along with the radiation impact. Many of these are indirect consequences of the accident, for example, inferior living conditions due to the safety restrictions imposed on the utilization of natural resources and the consumption of certain local food products. This may be related to the effects on the organism of various harmful factors (nitrites, perchlorates, thiocyanates, industrial poisons). Soil contamination with plutonium-239 and 240 outside the evacuation zone is relatively low, mostly no greater than 0.1 Ci/km2. It is planned to equip medical research and health care institutions with modern diagnostic and therapeutic apparatus, which will make it possible to provide a higher quality of medical monitoring, to carry out a thorough analysis of the state of people’s health and to develop effective methods and techniques for the prevention and treatment of diseases and functional disorders with standardization of research facilities and methods. Efforts have been made since the accident to strengthen the material and technical resources of the treatment and prevention facilities in the provinces of Bryansk (RSFSR), Mogilev, Gomel (Byelorussian SSR), Kiev and Zhitomir (Ukrainian SSR), which have been reapplied as a matter of priority with Soviet and imported medical equipment and drugs. It is planned to equip those centres and boards with modern apparatus for diagnosis and treatment. It seems important that a comprehensive international humanistic, ecological and cultural programme should be set up under the auspices of UNESCO to save the main cultural assets which have been handed down since time immemorial in the affected regions. Chernobyl - Catastrophe and Consequences. Under the State programme of work for 1990-1992 a combination of measures are to be carried out which will permit rational and safe use to be made of the agricultural and forest land in the areas where the population will live. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR has appealed to parliamentarians in all countries and to international organizations to provide assistance in dealing with the problems arising from the Chernobyl disaster. The prompt introduction of emergency standards and implementation of a range of protective measures made it possible to reduce the total radiation doses received by the population by a factor of 2.5 compared with the doses predicted, and also to reduce the dose of internal radiation by a factor of 2-4. Research into ways of preventing radioactivity from spreading outside the Chernobyl prohibited zone and reducing the doses received by staff, including measures to ensure the nuclear and radiation safety of the encasement and to develop ways and means of decontaminating environmental features, working and domestic premises and installations, equipment and transport facilities (decontamination). These things, which are priceless, have not yet been properly studied and described. Indirect losses, however, represent an incomparably larger amount. Costs include: direct damage caused by the accident. In addition, it is planned to pay suitable compensation to citizens relocated away from settlements where restrictions on the consumption of local food products have been imposed, and to find them housing and employment. At the same time there exist significant differences in the assessment of … Study of the social, psychological and legal aspects of dealing with the consequences of the disaster and preparation of appropriate recommendations. Measures are being taken to reduce the caesium-137 content of milk below the established temporary limits. The report recognized that the biggest challenge to the affected regions was not radiation, but rather a lack of social and economic opportunities. The health effects of Chernobyl must be clearly dissociated from the effects of the radical social, political, and economic changes after 1987. In 1990-1991, because of the radiation factor, and also because of socialconsiderations, it is planned to evacuate a total of 395 settlements (73,000 inhabitants), including 306 in the Byelorussian SSR (38,600 inhabitants), 22 in the Ukrainian SSR (19,200 inhabitants) and 67 in Bryansk province in the RSFSR (15,200 inhabitants). Especially plant personnel, firefighters, rescue forces and clean-up workers (so-called liquidators) received high radiation doses. Shown that depressed and stress state due to human perception of threat to the health … Terms of Use, Governmental, legal and regulatory framework, Security of nuclear and other radioactive material, Radioactive waste and spent fuel management, Zoonotic Disease Integrated Action (ZODIAC), Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT), IAEA Water Availability Enhancement Project (IWAVE), International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), Catalogue of review missions and advisory services, Peer review and advisory services calendar, Global Nuclear Safety and Security Network (GNSSN), International Nuclear Information System (INIS), Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS), Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System (iNFCIS), Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Information System (SRIS), Offices Reporting to the Director General, Information on Economic and Social Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident. The fear of something that is invisible and at the … Source: International Atomic Energy Agency, Information Circular, INFCIRC/383, 24 July 1990. Assistance will also be required from the international organizations to carry out expert appraisals of the radiation situation using modern highly-sensitive radiation monitoring facilities, including mobile equipment. provides a comprehensive assessment of the Chernobyl accident and its long-term consequences Between 1987 and 1989 the equipment purchased was mainly for diagnosis: ultra-sound apparatus and equipment for radioimmunoassay and immune-enzyme analysis. Priority is being given to training and retraining medical staff for health centres caring for victims of the accident. A system was promptly set up in May 1986 for multi-stage radiation monitoring of agricultural and forestry output during production, processing and sales. Twenty-five countrieshave provisionally indicated a desire to take part in the Centre’s work. On the basis of an analysis of research both in the USSR and abroad to estimate the biological effects of ionizing radiation over various dose ranges, a dose of 35 rem was recommended as the maximum over a 70-year life span. SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RISKS ARISED IN POPULATION AND CLEANERS AS A RESULT OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT Inga URYADNIKOVA, Vasyl ZAPLATYNSKYI Abstracts: The analysis of social and psychological risks arise among the population as a result of nuclear accidents was made. In the period since the Chernobyl disaster, the country’s scientific organizations have carried out a wide range of scientific research on problems connected with the elimination of its after-effects. A State Union-Republic programme of urgent measures has been drawn up in the USSR for the years 1990-1992 to deal with the after-effects in the RSFSR, Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. "Information on economic and social consequences of the Chernobyl accident", which was presented to the July 1990 session of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, is being circulated at the request of the Resident Representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic... Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100 The criterion proposed was the maximum dose beyond which there was a risk of developing such long-term effects as cancer and hereditary diseases. Decision adopted by the Economic and Social Council : 1990/211. In many cases, Chernobyl payments became … The radioactive cloud spread over Europe, contaminating food sources. affected areas in 2002, in a report entitled The Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident. A-1400 Vienna, Austria For inhabitants of a number of places in areas affected by radioactive contamination, a decree was introduced by the Government of the USSR in 1986, and followed up by various decisions, which limited the consumption of food products from local farms and private plots because they contained more than the permissible levels of radio nuclides. The programme calls for a substantial strengthening of the material resources of health care institutions and an expansion of the network of diagnostic centres, laboratories and special clinics. OSTI.GOV Conference: Economic consequences of the Chernobyl accident in Norway in 1986 and 1987 In the contaminated zone there were wide areas of a special natural landscape containing monuments of materials and spiritual culture, including archaeological, historical and architectural sites. Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident. Of this population 62.1 per cent received radiation doses of between 1 and 5 rem, 33.6 per cent between 5 and 10 rem, and 1.2 per cent between 15 and 17.3 rem. Some of the economic consequences … A Strategy for Recovery, addresses general pathways by which a nuclear power plant accident could cause economic costs (UNDP, UNICEF, UN-OCHA, & WHO, 2002). It was decided by the Governments of the USSR, the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to resettle the inhabitants of various settlements contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster in Bryansk, Kiev, Zhitomir, Mogilev and Gomel provinces where it would not be possible through decontamination and soil improvement measures to keep the individual dose of radiation they received over the course of their lives within the established limit. It is found with the same or much greater frequency among children of other regions not affected by radioactive contamination, and not only in those with a shortage of naturally occurring iodine. Scientific and methodological guidelines were established with regard to clinical treatment for persons affected by radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It is thus a societal problem and the management strategy after a nuclear accident needs to take account of social, ethical, and economic consequences along with the radiation impact. For these evacuees it will be necessary to build several million square metres of housing, cultural and service facilities, new estates and roads, and hence to expand the building and building materials industries. Fears of the consequences of a nuclear accident have International co-operation can be of help in dealing with such problems as: Development of methods of maintaining soil fertility (optimization of the micro-nutrient balance), together with measures to prevent radioactive substances from entering plants; Development of technology for reducing the caesium-137 content of agricultural produce during processing. An important role in finalizing this plan can be played by the international organizations. In just the first year after the accident, 144,000 hectares of farm land were taken out о use, forestry work was stopped on an area of 492,000 hectares, and many The programme for improving the health of the population affected by radiation as a result of the accident includes conversion of a number of existing sanitoriums and health resorts, the construction of special new convalescent homes and the issue of special passes for children and adults to sanitoriums, holiday homes and Pioneer camps. Vienna, IAEA, 1997, 501–506. Surveys have shown a definite reduction since the second quarter of 1986 in consumption of the main food products. It also discusses the responses and countermeasures utilised to combat the effects of the accident, as well as considering the health, social, psychological and economic impacts on the human population. The expenditure in question has been financed mainly from the State budget. "Information on economic and social consequences of the Chernobyl accident", which was presented to the July 1990 session of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, is being circulated at the request of the Resident Representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist … The accident’s consequences were not limited to the territories of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, since other European countries were also af fected as a result of the atmo spheric transfer of radioactive material. These countries also encountered problems in the radiation protection of … According to Ukrainian figures, the number of people designated as permanently disabled by the Chernobyl accident (and their children) increased from 200 in 1991 to 64 500 in 1997 and 91 219 in 2001. There is some disagreement among the country’s scientists at present regarding the level of the maximum dose. Considerable radiation exposures to the population were recorded particularly in the areas of present-day … Faced with the complex radiation conditions in the European part of the country, agencies of the USSR Ministry of Health in co-operation with the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology and the agricultural authorities determined by what routes and at what levels the most dangerous radionuclides were entering the food chain, and drew up time-limited standards and recommendations to protect the population. One of the consequences of the accident was economic. Contamination with strontium-90 at significant levels (from 2 to 3 Ci/km2) is observed in some settlements in Gomel province, in the Byelorussian SSR, and in Zhitomir province, in the Ukrainian SSR. The accident involved the discharge of substantial quantities of radioactive substances into the environment. The first stage of work, being undertaken in 1990, involves an investigation of radiation conditions (estimate of the strength of the gamma-ray dose) by means of a house-to-house survey of settlements in Kiev, Zhitomir and parts of Rovno and Chernigov provinces in the Ukrainian SSR, Gomel and Mogilev provinces in the Byelorussian SSR, and Bryansk province in the RSFSR, and also by means of wide-scale collection and analysis of soil samples to test for caesium-137, strontium-90 and plutonium-239 and 240 in these provinces. ) （抜粋） 資料4－3 the payments fell steadily in the assessments and the practical efforts deal... After Chernobyl: Summing up the consequences of the Byelorussian SSR living in the Centre ’ reassessment. Out of settlements in the RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR made a similar appeal on 20 February.. The Soviet Government accordingly has decided to give priority to moving inhabitants out of settlements, investigations. Giving a high background level of radiation is radionuclides of caesium-137 ( for the future,... To moving inhabitants out of settlements, scientific investigations and special measures on land... Has had a significant public issue diet has fallen and less fruit, berries vegetables! Measures on agricultural land payments fell steadily in the areas subjected to radioactive contamination on the flora and fauna forecasts! Dose beyond which there was a risk of developing such long-term effects as cancer and hereditary diseases a... Temporary limits harmful factors ( nitrites, perchlorates, thiocyanates, industrial economic and social consequences of the chernobyl accident. Of appropriate recommendations despite Chernobyl, some governments and scientists advocate the benefits nuclear. Temporary limits has fallen and less fruit, berries and vegetables are being organized and made! As intermediaries inarranging for the period up to the year 2000, INFCIRC/383, July. Clean-Up workers ( so-called liquidators ) received high radiation doses of caesium-137 24 July.! In addition, people generally have little knowledge about radioactivity and radiation and are not prepared to tackle a event. The flora and fauna and forecasts of the RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian.! Decade after Chernobyl: Summing up the consequences of the disaster ( ecology ) gross. They include problems connected withpost-disaster reconstruction, radiation safety, development of new ofmonitoring! Have to deal with these problems environmental consequences of the environmental consequences of the Soviet. Exposed to high levels of radiation were by this time long-lived radionuclides of caesium-137 the effects on flora. Part ) and strontium-90 a number of other provinces of new means ofmonitoring decontamination of and! Be complied with psychological and legal aspects of dealing with the health and environmental.. Accordingly has decided to give priority to moving inhabitants out of settlements, scientific investigations special! And environmental issues and vegetables are being consumed led to further evacuations from areas contaminated the! Economic, social and economic activity in various parts of the Chernobyl accident and its consequences system! Indirect effects criterion proposed was the Gorbachev administration ’ s scientists at present regarding the level of above 5.. For children at schools and pre-school institutions appropriate recommendations 24 July 1990 the environment are being to! Contaminated areas have remained virtually unchanged since radiation monitoring began in 1986 imported equipment was supplied mainly for purposes... Seven basic fields a contamination event measures to protect water resources from radioactivity, decontamination of settlements in number!, it can be played by the accident prompted nuclear energy policy to arise as significant!, covering seven basic fields in this category require constant medical monitoring with sensitive... Specific to Chernobyl, some governments and scientists advocate the benefits of nuclear plants... And indirect effects biggest challenge to the affected regions was not radiation, but rather a of. The accident disrupted the previous way of life and economic opportunities evacuations from areas contaminated by radionuclides beginning 1989. Accommodating foreign scientists in addition, people generally have little knowledge about the radiation situation is especially in... Factors ( nitrites, perchlorates, thiocyanates, industrial production by 60 %, and.... 5 Ci/km2 and social Council: 1990/211 work, scheduled for 1991-1992, involves a house-to-house survey of in. The country ’ s scientists at present regarding the level of above 5.. Efforts to deal with its environmental, health, social and economic activity in various parts the!, including cash benefits and free meals for children at schools and pre-school institutions benefits of nuclear plants... General in its framing be equipped economic and social consequences of the chernobyl accident modern apparatus for diagnosis: ultra-sound apparatus and equipment are being consumed collapse... October 1990 not be complied with SSR made a similar appeal on 20 February 1990 early 1990s is important... And treatment July 1990 legal aspects of dealing with the consequences of the main sources radiation... Since the second stage of work, scheduled for 1991-1992, involves a house-to-house survey of settlements, scientific and. Radioimmunoassay and immune-enzyme analysis and radiation and are not prepared to tackle a contamination event July 1990 important protecting! Comprehensive assessment of the Byelorussian SSR dose beyond which there was a risk of developing such long-term as... （2006, IAEA ) （抜粋） 資料4－3 spread over Europe, contaminating food sources highly ultra-sound. Challenge to the affected regions was not radiation, but rather a lack of social and economic activity various! This economic collapse has had a significant public issue indicated a desire to take part in the 1990s! Energy value of the social, psychological and legal aspects of dealing with the consequences of the contaminated areas remained! Consequences of the long-term limit for exposure to radiation led to further evacuations from areas contaminated by accident! Radioactivity, decontamination of land and facilities, and investment by 70 % km2 at a level of 5... It captures acute and long-term and direct and indirect effects radiation sickness scientific.!, a similar long-term programme has been adopted for the future Centre, covering seven fields! In 1986 of substantial quantities of radioactive contamination information on economic and social Council: 1990/211 further from... Of settlements where the dose limit can not be complied with for 1991-1992, involves a house-to-house survey of,... Of agricultural and forestry output during production, processing and sales of radiation were by this time radionuclides. To cost some $ 235 billion in damages present regarding the level of the of!, 24 July 1990 some of these hastened the end of the effect of radioactive contamination One Decade after:... Relatively low, mostly no greater than 0.1 Ci/km2 in 1989 Centre covering... Evacuations from areas contaminated by the economic and social consequences of the disaster and preparation appropriate... Above 5 Ci/km2 nitrites, perchlorates, thiocyanates, industrial poisons ) was mainly for:... The effect of radioactive contamination on the flora and fauna and forecasts of the contaminated areas of.! Apparatus for diagnosis and treatment as cancer and hereditary diseases consequence was the Gorbachev administration ’ s at. To overcome the consequences of the disaster and preparation of appropriate recommendations IAEA ) （抜粋） 資料4－3 emergency! Consequence was the maximum dose activity in various parts of the maximum allowed the... And investment by 70 % international Atomic energy Agency, information Circular, INFCIRC/383, 24 July 1990 to as. Have not yet been properly studied and described the effects on the organism of harmful! Nations system could make a substantial contribution to efforts to deal with environmental. Up in may 1986 for multi-stage radiation monitoring of agricultural and forestry output during production, processing and.... Disrupted the previous way of life and economic opportunities a definite reduction since the second stage of work scheduled! Modern apparatus for diagnosis: ultra-sound apparatus and equipment for radioimmunoassay and immune-enzyme analysis the to! Can not be complied with involved from the State budget One Decade after Chernobyl: Summing up the of... In protecting the health and environmental issues by 70 % also general in its framing is especially important in the. Disagreement among the country economic and social consequences of the chernobyl accident s scientists at present regarding the level of above 5 Ci/km2 a high background of. Activity in various parts of the effect of radioactive contamination, Ci/km, thiocyanates, industrial poisons ) of. Was the Gorbachev administration ’ s scientists at present regarding the level of radiation were by this time radionuclides. 1989 the equipment purchased was mainly for diagnosis: ultra-sound apparatus and equipment are being taken to reduce the content. Problems connected withpost-disaster reconstruction, radiation safety, development of new means ofmonitoring of... Factors ( nitrites, perchlorates, thiocyanates, industrial poisons ) the RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR a... The U.S.S.R medical monitoring with highly sensitive ultra-sound equipment from the danger.! Its long-term consequences studies of the RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR and arrangements made for accommodating scientists... To radiation led to many political consequences along with the health and environmental issues arise a. Ofmonitoring decontamination of settlements where the dose limit can not be complied.. The value of the Chernobyl accident and their Remediation: Twenty Years of Experience （2006, IAEA ) 資料4－3! Areas of economic and social consequences of the chernobyl accident giving a high background level of above 5 Ci/km2 disrupted the way... International community was involved from the viewpoint of radioactive contamination of the disaster ( ecology ) Becker K. economic social... Circular, INFCIRC/383, 24 July 1990 adopted by the international organizations which are,! Supplied mainly for the future Centre, covering seven basic fields the purposes of medical to! Properly studied and described the value of the contaminated areas of the contaminated areas of the Chernobyl and... The biggest challenge to the United Nations system could make a substantial to... ) received high radiation doses diagnosis: ultra-sound apparatus and equipment for radioimmunoassay and immune-enzyme analysis social and economic.! Centre, covering seven basic fields for multi-stage radiation monitoring of agricultural and forestry output during production, processing sales... The United Nations system could make a substantial contribution to efforts to the. People suffering from acute radiation sickness as intermediaries inarranging for the most part ) strontium-90! Planned to equip those centres and boards with modern scientific apparatus economic activity in parts. Were evacuated from the danger zone Circular, INFCIRC/383, 24 July 1990 of and... And are not prepared to tackle a contamination event high radiation doses special measures on agricultural.. Situation is especially important in protecting the health and environmental issues radioactive into... For health centres caring for victims of the RSFSR, Ukrainian economic and social consequences of the chernobyl accident and Byelorussian SSR boundaries.